Xalqaro hibsga olish orderlari murakkab huquqiy masala bo‘lsa-da, biz sizga bunday ishlarni rad etish va himoya qilishda malakali huquqiy yordam ko‘rsatishga tayyormiz. Interpol yuristlarimiz jamoasi doimiy ravishda nohaq hibsga olishlarning oldini olish va butun dunyo bo‘ylab qidiruv orderiga oid masalalarni samarali hal qilish ustida ishlaydi.

Xalqaro hibsga olish orderi nima?

Xalqaro order bu bir davlatdan boshqasiga jinoyat sodir etishda gumon qilingan yoki ayblangan shaxsni hibsga olish va keyinchalik ekstraditsiya qilish uchun rasmiy so‘rovdir. Ushbu xalqaro ogohlantirish vakolatli sud yoki huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari tomonidan chiqariladi va boshlang‘ich davlat yurisdiktsiyasidan tashqarida ham amal qiladi.

Xalqaro hibsga olish orderlarini berish va bajarish asoslari davlatlar o‘rtasidagi ikki tomonlama va ko‘p tomonlama kelishuvlarga asoslanadi. Shaxs ayblanayotgan harakat ikkala davlatda ham jinoyat deb hisoblanishi kerak. Jarayonlar xalqaro inson huquqlari standartlariga, jumladan, adolatli sud jarayoniga bo‘lgan huquqqa rioya qilgan holda amalga oshirilishi lozim.

Xalqaro hibsga olish orderining maqsadlari:

• Cinoiyatchilarni chet elga qochishga urinishlarini to’xtatish;
• Adolatni ta’minlash;
• Xalqaro munosabatlarni mustahkamlash va jinoyatchilikka qarshi kurashish bo’yicha qo’shma sa’y-harakatlar.

Xalqaro hibsga olish orderini berish va ijro etish mexanizmi

Boshlovchi davlatning vakolatli organlari amal qiluvchi milliy hibsga olish orderini chiqaradi. Orderning xalqaro tarqatilishi Xalqaro jinoyat politsiyasi tashkiloti (Interpol) orqali Qizil Xabarnoma so‘rovini yuborish yoki ikki tomonlama kanallar orqali (shaxs joylashgan deb hisoblangan davlatga bevosita murojaat qilish) amalga oshirilishi mumkin.

Shaxsni topish va vaqtincha hibsga olish bo‘yicha so‘rovni qabul qilgan davlat gumondorni ushlab turish uchun o‘z qonunlariga amal qiladi. Ekstraditsiya jarayoni buyruq yoki bildirishnoma olingandan keyin boshlanadi. Milliy sud so‘rovning ekstraditsiya topshiruvi yoki shunga o‘xshash huquqiy harakatlar talablarga javob berishini hal qiladi. Agar qaror ijobiy bo‘lsa, shaxs so‘rov qilayotgan davlatga topshiriladi.

Xalqaro hibsga olish orderiga qarshi chiqishda huquqiy yordam kerak yoki Interpolning qizil xabarnomasini olib tashlash Bizning jamoamizdagi mutaxassislar xalqaro maydonda sizning huquqlaringiz va manfaatlaringizni himoya qilish uchun tajriba va bilimga ega.

Xalqaro hibsga olish orderlari turlari

Xalqaro orderlar chiqarilishi mumkin bo’lgan bir nechta mexanizmlar mavjud:

Xalqaro hibsga olish orderlari huquqni muhofaza qilish sohasida xalqaro hamkorlikni osonlashtirishga qaratilgan. Bunday orderlarni chiqarish uchun bir nechta mexanizmlar mavjud.

Interpol Qizil E’lonlari

Bir Interpol Qizil Xabarnoma Interpolning bir a’zo mamlakatidan boshqa a’zo mamlakatlarga jiddiy jinoyat uchun ekstraditsiya kutayotgan shaxsni topish va vaqtinchalik hibsga olishda yordam so’rash uchun rasmiy so’rovdir. Qizil bildirishnoma xalqaro hibsga olish orderi bo’lmasa-da, xalqaro huquqda eng mashhur prokuratura mexanizmlaridan biridir. Bu boshqa mamlakatlarning huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari o’z milliy qonunlari asosida choralar ko’rishi uchun asos bo’lib xizmat qiladi.

Qizil xabarnomaning asosiy funksiyalari:

• Adolatdan qochayotgan gumondor yoki hukm qilingan shaxsni topishda yordam.
• Shaxsni vaqtinchalik hibsga olishda yordam berish va keyinchalik xabarnomani boshlagan mamlakatga topshirish, agar amaldagi ekstraditsiya shartnomasi mavjud bo’lmasa.
• Turli mamlakatlarning huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari o’rtasidagi aloqalarni mustahkamlash transmilliy jinoyatchilikka qarshi samarali kurashish uchun.

Interpol nizomiga ko‘ra, Qizil Bildirishnomalar qidiruvdagi shaxs va unga qo‘yilgan ayblovlarning mohiyati haqida batafsil ma’lumotlarni o‘z ichiga olishi kerak. Bu quyidagilarni o‘z ichiga oladi:

1. Identifikatsiya ma’lumotlari: to’liq ism va taxalluslar, tug’ilgan sana va joyi, fuqarolik, identifikatsiya fotosuratlari, tatuirovkalar, chandiqlar va boshqa ajralib turuvchi xususiyatlar;
2. Huquqiy Ma’lumot: Gumon qilinayotgan jinoyat bo’yicha batafsil hisobot, shaxs ayblangan yoki hukm qilingan jinoyat kodeksi moddalari, ularning huquqiy holati va hibsga olish orderi haqidagi ma’lumot.
3. So’rovlar va chora-tadbirlar: ekstraditsiya maqsadida vaqtinchalik hibsga olish uchun so’rov, aloqa ma’lumotlari va boshqalar.

European Arrest Warrant (EAW)

Yevropa Hibsga Olish Orderi (EAW) – bu jinoyat sodir etishda gumon qilinayotgan yoki sudlangan shaxsni boshqa a’zo davlatga hibsga olish va topshirish uchun Yevropa Ittifoqi a’zo davlati tomonidan chiqarilgan sud qaroridir. Ushbu mexanizm Yevropa Ittifoqi davlatlari o’rtasidagi an’anaviy ekstraditsiya jarayonlarini almashtiradi va jarayonni tezroq va samaraliroq qiladi.

Yaroqli milliy hibsga olish orderi sud organi tomonidan chiqariladi, siyosiy yoki ma’muriy organ tomonidan emas. A’zo davlatlar boshqa a’zo davlatning sud organi tomonidan chiqarilgan Yevropa orderini tan olishlari va bajarishlari shart. Bir xil shakl va standart protseduralardan foydalanish ekstraditsiya jarayonlarini soddalashtiradi va tezlashtiradi, agar yaroqli ekstraditsiya shartnomasi mavjud bo’lmasa.

So‘rov yuboruvchi davlatning sud hokimiyati milliy hibsga olish orderiga asoslanib, Yevropa orderini chiqaradi. EAW to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri boshqa davlatning vakolatli organlariga yoki SIRENE tizimi orqali yuboriladi. Ijro etuvchi davlatning huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari qidirilayotgan shaxsni hibsga oladi. Sud rasmiy talablar va rad etish asoslarini tekshiradi.

Agar rad etish uchun asoslar bo’lmasa, shaxs jinoyat ishlarini yuritish uchun tashabbuskor davlatga topshiriladi.

Bajarishni rad etish uchun asoslar:

• Jinoyat sodir etilgan mamlakatda amnistiya ostiga tushadi.
• Jinoyatning milliy qonunchilikda yo‘qligi (ikki tomonlama jinoyatchilik prinsipi);
• Shaxsning asosiy huquqlarini buzish xavfi.

O’rtacha o’tkazish vaqti shaxsning roziligi bilan taxminan 16 kunni, roziligisiz esa 48 kunni tashkil qiladi.

Xalqaro Jinoyat Sudi (ICC) hibsga olish orderlari

Xalqaro Jinoyat Sudi 1998-yilda qabul qilingan va 2002-yilda kuchga kirgan Rim Statuti asosida tashkil etilgan. Sudning bosh qarorgohi Niderlandiyaning Gaaga shahrida joylashgan. ICC xalqaro hamjamiyatni tashvishga soluvchi eng og‘ir jinoyatlar uchun shaxslarni javobgarlikka tortish vakolatiga ega bo‘lgan birinchi doimiy xalqaro suddir.

ICC hibsga olish orderi bu rasmiy sud buyrug’i bo’lib, davlat organlariga ICC yurisdiktsiyasiga kiruvchi jinoyatlarni sodir etishda ayblangan shaxsni hibsga olish va sudga topshirishni buyuradi.

ICC hibsga olish orderlari ICCning Rim Statutining 58-moddasi asosida chiqariladi. Ushbu modda bo‘yicha, agar biror shaxs sud yurisdiktsiyasiga kiruvchi jinoyat sodir etganiga asosli dalillar mavjud bo‘lsa va ularning hibsga olinishi quyidagilar uchun zarur bo‘lsa:

• Sudga kelishni ta’minlash;
• Tergov yoki sud jarayonlarini to‘sqinlik qilishning oldini olish;
• Jinoyatlarning yana sodir etilishini oldini olish.

ICC Rim Statutini ratifikatsiya qilgan davlatlar hududida sodir etilgan jinoyatlar yoki o‘sha davlatlarning fuqarolariga qarshi jinoyatlar uchun hibsga olish ishlarini amalga oshirishi mumkin.

ICC Prokurori o’z tashabbusi bilan, a’zo davlatning so’rovi asosida yoki BMT Xavfsizlik Kengashining murojaati orqali tergovni boshlashi mumkin. Prokuror shaxsning jinoyatlarga aloqadorligini isbotlaydigan dalillarni to’playdi va keyin Dastlabki tergov palatasiga order chiqarishni so’rab murojaat qiladi. Agar Palata asosli sabablar borligiga ishonsa, order chiqaradi. Bu order keyin ijro etish uchun a’zo davlatlarga yuboriladi.

A’zo davlatlar ICC bilan hamkorlik qilishlari va orderlarni bajarishlari talab qilinadi. Milliy huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari gumondorni hibsga oladi va ularni Gaagaga topshiradi. Agar gumondor Rim Statuti ishtirokchisi bo’lmagan mamlakatda joylashgan bo’lsa, orderni bajarish qiyin bo’lishi mumkin.

 

Xalqaro hibsga olish orderlarining maqsadi va ta’siri

Xalqaro hibsga olish orderlari jinoyatga qarshi global kurashda muhim rol o’ynaydi, adliya, xavfsizlik va jamoat xavfsizligi masalalarida davlatlar o’rtasida samarali hamkorlikni ta’minlaydi. Ularning asosiy maqsadi terrorizm, odam savdosi, giyohvand moddalar savdosi, urush jinoyatlari va genotsid kabi og’ir jinoyatlarda ayblangan qidiruvdagi shaxslarni qo’lga olish va ekstraditsiya qilishdir.

Xalqaro hibsga olish orderlarining ta’siri sud jarayonlaridan tashqariga ham taalluqlidir. Ular xalqaro huquqiy normalarni mustahkamlaydi, global miqyosda adolatni qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi va jabrlanuvchilar hamda ularning oilalarining huquqlarini himoya qilish orqali barqarorlikka hissa qo‘shadi. Bunday orderlar tufayli davlatlarning huquqiy tizimlari xalqaro tahdidlarga samarali qarshi turish va global xavfsizlikni ta’minlash uchun ko‘proq imkoniyatlarga ega bo‘ladi.

Xalqaro Qamoqqa Olish Orderlari Qanday Beriladi va Amalga Oshiriladi

Har bir a’zo davlatning orderlarni berish va ijro etish jarayonini tartibga soluvchi o‘ziga xos huquqiy tizimi mavjud. Ushbu qonunlar jarayonda ishtirok etuvchi organlarning vakolatlarini, so‘rovlarni ko‘rib chiqish tartibini va orderga bo‘ysunadigan shaxslarning huquqlarini belgilaydi.

Xalqaro orderni chiqarish jarayoni quyidagicha:

1. Jinoyat ishini qo‘zg‘atish. So‘rov yuboruvchi davlatning huquqni muhofaza qilish yoki sud organlari gumon qilinuvchi bo‘yicha tergovni boshlaydi. Milliy qonunchilik doirasida sud yoki boshqa vakolatli organ order chiqaradi.
2. Xalqaro qidiruv uchun so’rov tayyorlash. Barcha zarur hujjatlar, ayblov xulosasi va shaxsning jinoyatga aloqadorligini isbotlovchi boshqa dalillarni yig’ish. Huquqiy ma’lumotlarni aniqlashtirish.
3. Xalqaro tashkilotlarga murojaat. So’rov yuborayotgan davlat Interpoldan qizil bildirishnoma yoki boshqa rangli kodlangan bildirishnomalarni chiqarishni so’rashi mumkin. Yevropa Ittifoqi doirasida davlatlar ekstraditsiya jarayonlarini tezlashtirish va soddalashtirish uchun Yevropa hibsga olish orderidan (EAW) foydalanadilar.
4. Boshqa a’zo davlatlarga so’rov yuborish. So’rov Tashqi ishlar vazirligi yoki Adliya vazirligi orqali yuboriladi. Ba’zi hollarda, huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari o’rtasida to’g’ridan-to’g’ri muloqotlar mumkin.

Vakolatli organlar so‘rov milliy qonunchilik va xalqaro majburiyatlarga muvofiq kelishini tekshirmoqda. Ular ushbu harakat ikkala a’zo davlatda ham jinoyat hisoblanishini tasdiqlamoqda.

Huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari gumon qilinuvchini taqdim etilgan order yoki Interpol qizil xabarnomasiga asoslanib hibsga oladi. Shaxsga hibsga olish sabablari va ularning huquqlari haqida ma’lumot berish majburiydir.

Sud hukumatni hibsga olish qonuniyligini va ekstraditsiya ehtimolini ko‘rib chiqmoqda. Ekstraditsiyani berish yoki rad etish qarori taqdim etilgan dalillar va amaldagi qonunlarga asoslanib qabul qilinadi. Rad etish sabablari quyidagilarni o‘z ichiga oladi: inson huquqlarining buzilish xavfi, jinoyatning siyosiy xarakteri, qochqin maqomi va da’vo muddati tugaganligi.

Xalqaro hibsga olish orderiga qarshi chiqish

Xalqaro hibsga olish orderlari transmilliy jinoyatchilikka qarshi kurashda kuchli vositadir. Biroq, ba’zan bu orderlar noto’g’ri chiqarilishi yoki siyosiy ta’qib uchun ishlatilishi mumkin. Bunday hollarda, ayblangan shaxs qanday qilib xalqaro hibsga olish orderiga qonuniy tarzda e’tiroz bildirish orqali o’z huquq va erkinliklarini himoya qilishi mumkinligini bilish muhimdir.

Bahslashish uchun huquqiy asoslar:

• Inson huquqlarining buzilishi;
• Shafqatsiz munosabat, qiynoq yoki o’lim jazosi xavfi;
• Ayblovlar siyosiy sababli qo‘zg‘atilgan;
• Siyosiy ta’qib xavfi;
• Ikki karra jazolash tamoyilining yo’qligi;
• Harakatning bahsli huquqiy tasniflari;
• Jinoyat uchun da’vo muddati;
• Orderni berishda protsessual normalarga rioya qilmaslik;
• Asosli gumon yoki dalilning yo’qligi.

Xalqaro order asosida hibsga olingandan so‘ng, shaxs milliy sudda hibsga olishni rad etish huquqiga ega. Huquqiy jarayon davomida, hibsga olish va ekstraditsiya qonuniyligini rad etuvchi dalillar va argumentlarni taqdim etish zarur. Agar sud bunga asos topsa, ekstraditsiyani rad etishga qaror qilishi mumkin.

Siz shuningdek, ta’qib xavfi asosida siyosiy boshpana maqomini olish uchun murojaat qilishingiz mumkin. Immigratsiya organlari so’rovni ko’rib chiqadi va zarur bo’lsa, sud qaroriga shikoyat qiladi. Vaziyatni hal qilishning yana bir varianti xalqaro sud organlariga murojaat qilishdir: Yevropa Inson Huquqlari Sudi, BMT Inson Huquqlari Qo’mitasi va boshqalar.

Malakali advokat sizning pozitsiyangizni samarali himoya qilishi va huquqlaringizni himoya qilishi mumkin. Agar hibsga olingan mamlakat tilida gapira olmasangiz, tarjimon xizmatidan foydalanish huquqiga egasiz. Apellyatsiya berish muddatlari cheklangan bo’lishi mumkinligi sababli, tezkor harakat qilish muhimdir.

Interpol xabarnoma tizimi nima?

Interpol xabarnoma tizimi xavfsizlik tahdidini keltirib chiqaruvchi shaxslar haqida mamlakatlar o’rtasida ma’lumot almashish, shuningdek, jinoyat tergovlariga yordam berish uchun ishlatiladigan xalqaro xabarlar tarmog’idir. Interpol har biri o’ziga xos maqsadga ega va turli vaziyatlar uchun mo’ljallangan bir nechta turdagi xabarnomalarni chiqaradi.

Interpol qoidalariga ko‘ra, eng keng tarqalgan xabar turlari quyidagilardir:

• Qizil Xabarnoma: Interpol e’lonlarining eng mashhur turi, ko’pincha xalqaro hibsga olish orderiga tenglashtiriladi. Bu shaxslarni keyinchalik ekstraditsiya qilish maqsadida topish va hibsga olish uchun ishlatiladi.
• Ko’k Eslatma: jinoyat tergovlarida qiziqish uyg’otgan shaxslarning joylashuvini aniqlash, identifikatsiya qilish va qo’shimcha ma’lumot olish uchun ishlatiladi;
• Yashil Xabarnomahuquqni muhofaza qilish organlariga shaxsning jinoyat faoliyati haqida ma’lumot beradi, potensial xavfli shaxslar haqidagi ma’lumot almashinuvi orqali ehtimoliy jinoyatlarning oldini olishga yordam beradi.
• Sariq Bildirishnoma: bedarak yo’qolgan shaxslarni yoki o’zini aniqlay olmaydiganlarni, jumladan voyaga yetmaganlarni qidirish.
• Qora E’lon: noma’lum jasadlarni aniqlash;
• Orange Notice: Terrorizm, qurollar, portlovchi moddalar yoki biologik va kimyoviy agentlarga oid tahdidlar haqida xabar berish potensial hujumlar yoki hodisalarni oldini olishga yordam beradi.
• Binafsha E’lonJinoyatchilar tomonidan qo’llaniladigan usullar, vositalar va tartib-qoidalar bo’yicha axborot almashinuvi.

Bundan tashqari, BMT Xavfsizlik Kengashi bilan hamkorlikda chiqariladigan INTERPOL-Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti Xavfsizlik Kengashi Maxsus Bildirishnomasi deb ataladigan maxsus bildirishnoma ham mavjud. Ushbu bildirishnomaning asosiy maqsadi BMT sanksiyalariga duchor bo’lgan shaxslar va tashkilotlar haqida xabar berishdir.

Interpol yuristlarimiz sizga qanday yordam bera oladi?

Bizning tajribali xalqaro order bo‘yicha advokatlarimiz Interpol ishlarini ko‘rib chiqishda keng bilimga ega bo‘lib, ekstraditsiya yoki Interpol bildirishnomalariga duch kelgan shaxslarga to‘liq yordam ko‘rsatishga tayyor.

Tajribali mutaxassislar Qizil Xabarnoma chiqarish asoslarini har tomonlama tahlil qiladi va mijozning huquqlariga bo’lgan har qanday mumkin bo’lgan buzilishlarni aniqlaydi. Biz asosli pozitsiyani taqdim etamiz va shikoyatni topshiramiz. CCF Komissiyasi bildirishnomani olib tashlashga erishish uchun.

Zarur bo’lsa, bizning jamoamiz ekstraditsiya so’rovining qonuniyligi va mosligini baholaydi, har qanday potensial buzilishlarni aniqlaydi va xalqaro standartlar hamda inson huquqlari tamoyillariga asoslanib, ekstraditsiyani rad etish bo’yicha iltimosnomalar taqdim etadi.

Biz mijozlarga potentsial obro’ga ta’sir qiluvchi xavflarni baholashda yordam beramiz va ularni minimallashtirish strategiyasini ishlab chiqamiz, shu jumladan xabarnomalarni olib tashlashgacha. Agar mijoz Interpol bazasiga qo’shilish xavfi mavjud bo’lsa, bizning yuristlarimiz oldini olish uchun surishtiruvlarni boshlashlari mumkin.

Bizning advokatlarimiz Interpol va xalqaro huquqiy institutlar bilan ishlashda ko‘p yillik tajribaga ega. Ularning dunyo bo‘ylab yuridik firmalar va ekspertlar bilan keng aloqalari va hamkorliklari bizga har qanday murakkablikdagi huquqiy masalalarni tez va samarali hal qilish imkonini beradi. Har bir ish uning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari va nozik jihatlarini inobatga olgan holda ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Agar o’zingizni shunga o’xshash vaziyatda topsangiz yoki potentsial muammolarni oldini olishni istasangiz, biz bilan bog’laning. Bizning mutaxassislarimiz malakali yordam va qo’llab-quvvatlashni taqdim etishga tayyormiz jarayonning har bir bosqichida.

International Arrest Warrant – Legal aid for Interpol Arrest Warrant

In today’s world, crime is increasingly taking on a transnational character. Individuals suspected of committing International crimes can cross national borders in attempts to evade justice. In such circumstances, international cooperation in law enforcement becomes critically important. One of the key tools of such cooperation is the international arrest warrant.

Huquqiy maslahat oling!

 

While International arrest warrants are a complex legal issue, we are ready to offer you expert legal assistance in challenging and defending against such cases. Our team of Interpol lawyers constantly works on preventing unfair detentions and effectively addressing issues related to world wide warrant search.

What is an international arrest warrant?

An international warrant is an official request from one country to another for the detention and subsequent extradition of a person suspected or accused of committing a crime. This International alert is issued by competent judicial or law enforcement authorities and is valid beyond the jurisdiction of the initiating country.

The basis for issuing and executing international arrest warrants lies in bilateral and multilateral agreements between countries. The act for which the individual is accused must be considered a crime in both countries involved. The procedures must adhere to international human rights standards, including the right to a fair trial.

Goals of the international arrest warrant:

• Stopping the activities of criminals trying to flee abroad;
• Ensuring justice;
• Strengthening international relations and joint efforts to combat crime.

The mechanism for issuing and executing an international arrest warrant

The competent authorities of the initiating country issue a valid national arrest warrant. International distribution of the warrant can be done through the International criminal police organization (Interpol) by submitting a request for a Red Notice or through bilateral channels (directly approaching the state where the individual is believed to be located).

The country that receives the request to locate and provisionally arrest the individual follows its own laws to detain the suspect. The extradition process begins after an order or notification is received. A national court decides whether the request meets the requirements for extradition surrender or similar legal action. If the decision is affirmative, the individual is handed over to the requesting country.

Need legal assistance with contesting an international arrest warrant or removal of Interpol’s red notice The specialists on our team have the experience and knowledge to protect your rights and interests on the international stage.

Types of International Arrest Warrants

There are several mechanisms through which international warrants can be issued:

International arrest warrants are aimed at facilitating international cooperation in law enforcement. There are several mechanisms for issuing such warrants.

Interpol Red Notices

An Interpol Red Notice is a formal request from one Interpol member country to other member countries for assistance in locating and provisionally arresting a person pending extradition for a serious crime. While a Red Notice is not an international arrest warrant, it’s among the most popular prosecution mechanisms i International law. It serves as a basis for law enforcement agencies in other countries to take action under their national laws.

Main functions of the red notice:

• Assistance in locating a suspect or convicted person who is evading justice.
• Assisting in the provisional arrest of an individual followed by their transfer to the country that initiated the notification, unless a valid extradition treaty exists.
• Strengthening ties between law enforcement authorities from different countries for effective combat against transnational crime.

According to Interpol’s constitution, Red Notices should contain detailed information about the person wanted and the nature of the charges. That includes:

1. Identification information: full name and aliases, date and place of birth, citizenship, identification photographs, tattoos, scars, and other distinguishing features;
2. Legal Information: A detailed report on the alleged crime, the criminal code articles under which an individual was charged or convicted, their legal status, and information about an arrest warrant.
3. Requests and measures: request for temporary arrest for extradition purposes, contact information, and more.

European Arrest Warrant (EAW)

The European Arrest Warrant (EAW) is a judicial decision issued by an EU member country to arrest and surrender to another member country a person suspected or convicted of committing a criminal offense. This mechanism replaces traditional extradition proceedings between EU countries, making the process faster and more efficient.

A valid national arrest warrant is issued by a judicial body, not a political or administrative one. Member countries are required to recognize and enforce an European Warrant issued by the judicial authority of another member state. The use of a uniform form and standard procedures simplifies and speeds up the extradition proceedings, unless a valid extradition treaty exists.

The judicial authority of the requesting country issues an European Warrant based on a national arrest warrant. The EAW is sent directly to the competent authorities of another country or through the SIRENE system. Law enforcement agencies of the executing country detain the person sought. The court checks for formal requirements and grounds for refusal.

If there are no grounds for refusal, the person is handed over to the initiating country for criminal proceedings.

Grounds for refusal to perform:

• The crime falls under amnesty in the country where it was committed.
• The absence of the crime in national legislation (the principle of dual criminality);
• Risk of violation of a person’s fundamental rights.

The average transfer time is about 16 days with the person’s consent and 48 days without consent.

International Criminal Court (ICC) arrest warrants

The International Criminal Court was established based on the Rome Statute, adopted in 1998 and coming into effect in 2002. The court’s headquarters are located in The Hague, Netherlands. The ICC is the first permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the most serious crimes of concern to the international community.

An ICC arrest warrant is an official court order that mandates state authorities to detain and surrender to the court an individual accused of committing crimes that fall under the ICC’s jurisdiction.

ICC Arrest warrants are issued under Article 58 of the Rome Statute of the ICC. According to this article, if there is reasonable ground to believe that a person has committed a crime that falls under the court’s jurisdiction, and their arrest is necessary for:

• Ensuring appearance in court;
• Preventing obstruction of an investigation or judicial proceedings;
• Preventing further commission of crimes.

The ICC can carry out arrests for crimes committed within the territories of countries that have ratified the Rome Statute, or against citizens of those states.

The Prosecutor of the ICC can initiate an investigation on their own accord, at the request of a member state, or through a referral by the UN Security Council. The Prosecutor gathers evidence that proves an individual’s involvement in crimes and then approaches the Pre-Trial Chamber to issue a warrant. If the Chamber believes there are reasonable grounds, it issues the warrant. This warrant is then sent to member states for execution.

Member states are required to cooperate with the ICC and execute warrants. National law enforcement authorities detain the suspect and transfer them to The Hague. If the suspect is located in a country that is not a party to the Rome Statute, executing the warrant can be challenging.

 

The purpose and impact of international arrest warrants

International arrest warrants play a pivotal role in the global fight against crime, ensuring effective cooperation between nations in matters of justice, security and public safety. Their primary aim is to apprehend and extradite wanted persons accused of serious crimes, such as terrorism, human trafficking, drug trafficking, war crimes, and genocide.

The impact of international arrest warrants extends beyond court proceedings. They strengthen international legal norms, support justice on a global scale, and contribute to stability by helping protect the rights of victims and their families. Thanks to such warrants, countries’ legal systems have more opportunities to effectively counter international threats and ensure global security.

How International Arrest Warrants are Issued and Executed

Every member country has its own legal framework governing the process of issuing and executing warrants. These laws define the authority of the agencies involved, the procedure for reviewing requests, and the rights of individuals who are subject to a warrant.

The process for issuing an international warrant is as follows:

1. Initiation of criminal prosecution. Law enforcement or the judicial authorities of the requesting country begin an investigation regarding the suspect. A court or another competent authority issues a warrant within the framework of national legislation.
2. Preparing a request for an international search. Gathering all necessary documents, the indictment, and other evidence proving a person’s involvement in a crime. Specifying legal
3. Appeal to international organizations. The requesting country can request Interpol to issue a red notice or other colour coded notices. Within the European Union, states use the European Arrest Warrant (EAW) to expedite and simplify extradition procedures.
4. Submitting a request to other member countries. The request is sent through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the Ministry of Justice. In some cases, direct communications between law enforcement agencies are possible.

The competent authorities are checking whether the request complies with national legislation and international obligations. They are verifying whether the act constitutes a crime in both member states.

Law enforcement authorities detain a suspect based on a provided warrant or an Interpol red notice. It is mandatory to inform the individual of the reasons for the detention and their rights.

The court is reviewing the legality of the detention and the possibility of extradition. A decision on whether to grant or deny extradition is made based on the evidence presented and applicable laws. Grounds for denial include: risk of human rights violations, political nature of the crime, refugee status, and statute of limitations having expired.

Contesting an international arrest warrant

International arrest warrants are a powerful tool in the fight against transnational crime. However, sometimes these warrants can be issued improperly or used for political persecution. In such cases, it’s important to know how the accused individual can legally challenge an international arrest warrant to protect your rights and freedoms.

Legal grounds for contesting:

• Human rights violation;
• Risk of cruel treatment, torture, or the death penalty;
• The charges are politically motivated;
• Risk of political persecution;
• Absence of the principle of double jeopardy;
• Disputed legal classifications of the act;
• Statute of limitations for the crime;
• Failure to comply with procedural norms in issuing a warrant;
• Lack of reasonable suspicion or evidence.

After being detained on the basis of an international warrant, the individual has the right to challenge the arrest in a national court. During the legal proceedings, it’s necessary to present arguments and evidence disputing the legality of the detention and extradition. The court may decide to deny extradition if it finds grounds to do so.

You can also apply for political asylum status based on the risk of persecution. Immigration authorities will review the request and, if necessary, appeal the court decision. Another option for resolving the situation is to appeal to international judicial bodies: the European Court of Human Rights, the UN Human Rights Committee, and others.

A qualified lawyer can effectively represent your position and protect your rights. If you do not speak the language of the country where the arrest took place, you have the right to an interpreter. It’s important to act quickly, as the deadlines for filing an appeal may be limited.

What is the Interpol notification system?

The Interpol notification system is a network of international messages used for exchanging information between countries about individuals who pose a security threat, as well as for assisting in criminal investigations. Interpol issues several types of notices, each with its own purpose and intended for different situations.

According to Interpol’s rules, here are the most common types of notices

• Red Notice: the most popular type of Interpol notices, often equated to an international arrest warrant. It is used to locate and arrest individuals for the purpose of their subsequent extradition.
• Blue Notice: used to establish the location, identification, and obtain additional information about individuals of interest in criminal investigations;
• Green Noticeinforms law enforcement agencies about a person’s criminal activities, helps prevent potential crimes through the exchange of information about potentially dangerous individuals.
• Yellow Notice: search for missing persons or those unable to identify themselves, including minors.
• Black Notice: identification of unidentified bodies;
• Orange Notice: Notifying about threats related to terrorism, weapons, explosives, or biological and chemical agents helps prevent potential attacks or incidents.
• Purple Notice: Exchange of information on the methods, means, and procedures used by criminals.

There’s also a special notice called the INTERPOL-United Nations Security Council Special Notices, which is issued in conjunction with the United Nations Security Council. The main purpose of this notice is to inform about individuals and organizations that are subject to UN sanctions.

How can our Interpol lawyers help you?

Our experienced International warrant attorneys have extensive knowledge in dealing with Interpol cases, so they’re ready to provide comprehensive assistance to individuals facing extradition or Interpol notices.

Experienced professionals will conduct a comprehensive analysis of the grounds for issuing a Red Notice and identify any potential violations of the client’s rights. We will provide a well-reasoned position and file an appeal with the CCF Commission to achieve the removal of the notice.

If necessary, our team will assess the legality and appropriateness of the extradition request, identify any potential violations, and submit petitions for denial of extradition based on international standards and human rights principles.

We’ll help clients assess potential reputational risks and develop a strategy to minimize them, up to and including the removal of notifications. If there’s a risk of a client being added to the Interpol database, our lawyers can initiate preventive inquiries.

Our attorneys have years of experience working with Interpol and international legal institutions. Their extensive contacts and partnerships with law firms and experts around the world allow us to quickly and efficiently tackle legal issues of any complexity. Each case is considered with attention to all its unique features and nuances.

If you find yourself in a similar situation or want to prevent potential problems, reach out to us. Our experts are ready to provide qualified assistance and support at every stage of the process.